A Comparison of the Knight and the Squire in Chaucers the...

In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly; instead his demeanor is one that is less honorable and virtuous. Although both claim the same vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes†¦show more content†¦The Knights manner of speech also supports this: And though so much distinguished, he was wise And in his bearing as modest as a maid. He never yet a boorish thing had said In all his life to any, come what might; He was a true, a perfect gentle-knight. (5) Chaucer already summarizes the characteristics of the Knight as making up a perfect gentle-knight, and the many tales of courage add more credibility to Chaucers summary. The knights behavior was as modest as a maid (5). This is contrary to the lad of fire and although the Squire had wonderful strength and agility, he did not use it to the full extent that his father used his own. In all aspects, in comparison with his own contradictory behavior, and in comparison with the Knights behavior, the Squire is shown to be less than sincere in his chivalry. The Knight and the Squire have distinctly different attitudes towards their vocation. As a result, they are complementing images of the medieval warrior. The Knight is the romantic image that all true knights aspire to, generously practicing such chivalrous qualities as dedication, humility, and sincerity. Contrasting this, however, is the image depicted by the Squire, that of an imperfect knight who was to some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was never directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrousShow MoreRelated Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire1480 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despiteRead More A Comparison Of The Knight And The Squire In Chaucers The Canterbury1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possessesRead MoreKnight And Squire In The Canterbury Tales Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer the 1300s, and told the story of twenty-nine travelers making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, England. The pilgrims wished to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket, in the Canterbury Cathedral. In the prologue, the narrator depicts each character and their demeanor. Two particular characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Knight and Squire, help to exemplify the idea that wisdom and respect come with experience and age. The Knight’s wisdom andRead MoreLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales1224 Words   |  5 PagesLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales I have been studying Geoffrey Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, of which I looked specifically at six portraits, these being: the Knight, his son, a young squire, the prioress, the wife of Bath, the Miller and the Pardoner. From these portraits I was able to observe the ways of life and society in medieval times. I found out about social status, fashion, wealthRead MoreEssay on Chaucers Concept of `The Good Man1072 Words   |  5 Pagesluxury of the laity. His `Canterbury Tales can be called an estates satire, in which the people belonging to the different layers of the class are satirized. As Chaucer himself belonged to the middle class and therefore he has chosen for his theme the portraits of people from the upper middle class and downwards. He has not chosen the very rich or the very poor as they could not be represented with realism as pilgrims on the way to the shrine of Thomas `a Beckett in Canterbury. The General PrologueRead More The Squires Tale Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung Squires attempt at a courtly romance and says that he wishes his own son was more like the Squire.   This is followed by the wordes of the Hoost to the Frankeleyn.   Many critics believe that the words of the Franklin to the Squire are intended as an interruption of the tale that threatens to go on far too long.   However, I believe the words of the Franklin to the Squire were not meant to be an interruption at all.   There are four main reasons why I believe the passageRead MoreCanterbury Tales And Beowulf Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe stories of Beowulf and The Canterbury Tales are two that have been compared for centuries. Based in two different time periods, both novels describe religion, loyalty, and distinguish social classes through characters. In the novel Beowulf, the character Beowulf is known as the â€Å"hero of all heroes,† strong, courageous, and a warrior who is willing to risk his life for his ideals. In The Canterbury Tales, there are twenty-four tales describing characters from a knight to a monk’s tale. As the storiesRead MoreQuestions Macbeth Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesseason that is described in the opening passage of The Canterbury Tales is spring. According to the narrator, when the season comes the people long to go on pilgrammages. 2) English people want to go down to Canterbury to seek the holy martyr, St. Thomas a Becket. 3) The narrator claims he meets some twenty nine pilgrims. 4) The Knight has fought in Alexandria, Prussia, Lithuania, Granada, North Africa, and Anatolia. 5) If the Knight beats his opponents in the tournament ring, he killsRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Canterbury Tales2379 Words   |  10 PagesChaucers Canterbury Tales After reading explications of Chaucers Canterbury Tales, a student is likely to come away with the impression that the Franklin is the critics favorite punching bag. To the average reader in the modern English-speaking world, the Franklin comes across as surprisingly fair-minded and level-headed, noteworthy as the man kind and inventive enough to resolve the marriage cycle with a tale of decency and openness. The critics, however, often depict the Franklin as a manRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesor unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship. The device was often used by the metaphysical poets, who fashioned conceits that were witty, complex, intellectual, and often startling, e.g., John Donnes comparison of two souls with two bullets in â€Å"The Dissolution.† 17. conflict: a struggle between two opposing forces in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. 18. connotation: all the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse; what

A Comparison of the Knight and the Squire in Chaucers the...

In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly; instead his demeanor is one that is less honorable and virtuous. Although both claim the same vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes†¦show more content†¦The Knights manner of speech also supports this: And though so much distinguished, he was wise And in his bearing as modest as a maid. He never yet a boorish thing had said In all his life to any, come what might; He was a true, a perfect gentle-knight. (5) Chaucer already summarizes the characteristics of the Knight as making up a perfect gentle-knight, and the many tales of courage add more credibility to Chaucers summary. The knights behavior was as modest as a maid (5). This is contrary to the lad of fire and although the Squire had wonderful strength and agility, he did not use it to the full extent that his father used his own. In all aspects, in comparison with his own contradictory behavior, and in comparison with the Knights behavior, the Squire is shown to be less than sincere in his chivalry. The Knight and the Squire have distinctly different attitudes towards their vocation. As a result, they are complementing images of the medieval warrior. The Knight is the romantic image that all true knights aspire to, generously practicing such chivalrous qualities as dedication, humility, and sincerity. Contrasting this, however, is the image depicted by the Squire, that of an imperfect knight who was to some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was never directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrousShow MoreRelated Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire1480 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despiteRead More A Comparison Of The Knight And The Squire In Chaucers The Canterbury1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possessesRead MoreKnight And Squire In The Canterbury Tales Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer the 1300s, and told the story of twenty-nine travelers making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, England. The pilgrims wished to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket, in the Canterbury Cathedral. In the prologue, the narrator depicts each character and their demeanor. Two particular characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Knight and Squire, help to exemplify the idea that wisdom and respect come with experience and age. The Knight’s wisdom andRead MoreLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales1224 Words   |  5 PagesLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales I have been studying Geoffrey Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, of which I looked specifically at six portraits, these being: the Knight, his son, a young squire, the prioress, the wife of Bath, the Miller and the Pardoner. From these portraits I was able to observe the ways of life and society in medieval times. I found out about social status, fashion, wealthRead MoreEssay on Chaucers Concept of `The Good Man1072 Words   |  5 Pagesluxury of the laity. His `Canterbury Tales can be called an estates satire, in which the people belonging to the different layers of the class are satirized. As Chaucer himself belonged to the middle class and therefore he has chosen for his theme the portraits of people from the upper middle class and downwards. He has not chosen the very rich or the very poor as they could not be represented with realism as pilgrims on the way to the shrine of Thomas `a Beckett in Canterbury. The General PrologueRead More The Squires Tale Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung Squires attempt at a courtly romance and says that he wishes his own son was more like the Squire.   This is followed by the wordes of the Hoost to the Frankeleyn.   Many critics believe that the words of the Franklin to the Squire are intended as an interruption of the tale that threatens to go on far too long.   However, I believe the words of the Franklin to the Squire were not meant to be an interruption at all.   There are four main reasons why I believe the passageRead MoreCanterbury Tales And Beowulf Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe stories of Beowulf and The Canterbury Tales are two that have been compared for centuries. Based in two different time periods, both novels describe religion, loyalty, and distinguish social classes through characters. In the novel Beowulf, the character Beowulf is known as the â€Å"hero of all heroes,† strong, courageous, and a warrior who is willing to risk his life for his ideals. In The Canterbury Tales, there are twenty-four tales describing characters from a knight to a monk’s tale. As the storiesRead MoreQuestions Macbeth Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesseason that is described in the opening passage of The Canterbury Tales is spring. According to the narrator, when the season comes the people long to go on pilgrammages. 2) English people want to go down to Canterbury to seek the holy martyr, St. Thomas a Becket. 3) The narrator claims he meets some twenty nine pilgrims. 4) The Knight has fought in Alexandria, Prussia, Lithuania, Granada, North Africa, and Anatolia. 5) If the Knight beats his opponents in the tournament ring, he killsRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Canterbury Tales2379 Words   |  10 PagesChaucers Canterbury Tales After reading explications of Chaucers Canterbury Tales, a student is likely to come away with the impression that the Franklin is the critics favorite punching bag. To the average reader in the modern English-speaking world, the Franklin comes across as surprisingly fair-minded and level-headed, noteworthy as the man kind and inventive enough to resolve the marriage cycle with a tale of decency and openness. The critics, however, often depict the Franklin as a manRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesor unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship. The device was often used by the metaphysical poets, who fashioned conceits that were witty, complex, intellectual, and often startling, e.g., John Donnes comparison of two souls with two bullets in â€Å"The Dissolution.† 17. conflict: a struggle between two opposing forces in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. 18. connotation: all the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse; what

A Comparison of the Knight and the Squire in Chaucers the...

In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possesses none of these qualities truly; instead his demeanor is one that is less honorable and virtuous. Although both claim the same vocation, the Squire and the Knight display contradicting attitudes†¦show more content†¦The Knights manner of speech also supports this: And though so much distinguished, he was wise And in his bearing as modest as a maid. He never yet a boorish thing had said In all his life to any, come what might; He was a true, a perfect gentle-knight. (5) Chaucer already summarizes the characteristics of the Knight as making up a perfect gentle-knight, and the many tales of courage add more credibility to Chaucers summary. The knights behavior was as modest as a maid (5). This is contrary to the lad of fire and although the Squire had wonderful strength and agility, he did not use it to the full extent that his father used his own. In all aspects, in comparison with his own contradictory behavior, and in comparison with the Knights behavior, the Squire is shown to be less than sincere in his chivalry. The Knight and the Squire have distinctly different attitudes towards their vocation. As a result, they are complementing images of the medieval warrior. The Knight is the romantic image that all true knights aspire to, generously practicing such chivalrous qualities as dedication, humility, and sincerity. Contrasting this, however, is the image depicted by the Squire, that of an imperfect knight who was to some degree boastful, lusting, or superficial. The Squire was never directly criticized by Chaucer, but the implications that resulted from the description amounted to an extravagant, un-chivalrousShow MoreRelated Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire1480 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Perspectives of Chivalry by the Knight and the Squire in Canterbury Tales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the medieval period that is described by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true Christian gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The Squire is in fact the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despiteRead More A Comparison Of The Knight And The Squire In Chaucers The Canterbury1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed by Chaucers Canterbury Tales, chivalry was perhaps the most recognized quality of a true gentleman. This quality is explored in Chaucers two characters of the warrior class, the Knight and the Squire. The squire is the son of the Knight; both ride gallantly and have the air of true gentleman warriors. However, the two are very dissimilar despite their appearances. The Knight possesses the true qualities of chivalry, devotion to service, constancy in humility, and honesty. The Squire possessesRead MoreKnight And Squire In The Canterbury Tales Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales were written by Geoffrey Chaucer the 1300s, and told the story of twenty-nine travelers making a pilgrimage to Canterbury, England. The pilgrims wished to visit the relics of Saint Thomas Becket, in the Canterbury Cathedral. In the prologue, the narrator depicts each character and their demeanor. Two particular characters in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Knight and Squire, help to exemplify the idea that wisdom and respect come with experience and age. The Knight’s wisdom andRead MoreLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales1224 Words   |  5 PagesLearning About Medieval Life and Society from Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales I have been studying Geoffrey Chaucers General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, of which I looked specifically at six portraits, these being: the Knight, his son, a young squire, the prioress, the wife of Bath, the Miller and the Pardoner. From these portraits I was able to observe the ways of life and society in medieval times. I found out about social status, fashion, wealthRead MoreEssay on Chaucers Concept of `The Good Man1072 Words   |  5 Pagesluxury of the laity. His `Canterbury Tales can be called an estates satire, in which the people belonging to the different layers of the class are satirized. As Chaucer himself belonged to the middle class and therefore he has chosen for his theme the portraits of people from the upper middle class and downwards. He has not chosen the very rich or the very poor as they could not be represented with realism as pilgrims on the way to the shrine of Thomas `a Beckett in Canterbury. The General PrologueRead More The Squires Tale Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung Squires attempt at a courtly romance and says that he wishes his own son was more like the Squire.   This is followed by the wordes of the Hoost to the Frankeleyn.   Many critics believe that the words of the Franklin to the Squire are intended as an interruption of the tale that threatens to go on far too long.   However, I believe the words of the Franklin to the Squire were not meant to be an interruption at all.   There are four main reasons why I believe the passageRead MoreCanterbury Tales And Beowulf Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe stories of Beowulf and The Canterbury Tales are two that have been compared for centuries. Based in two different time periods, both novels describe religion, loyalty, and distinguish social classes through characters. In the novel Beowulf, the character Beowulf is known as the â€Å"hero of all heroes,† strong, courageous, and a warrior who is willing to risk his life for his ideals. In The Canterbury Tales, there are twenty-four tales describing characters from a knight to a monk’s tale. As the storiesRead MoreQuestions Macbeth Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesseason that is described in the opening passage of The Canterbury Tales is spring. According to the narrator, when the season comes the people long to go on pilgrammages. 2) English people want to go down to Canterbury to seek the holy martyr, St. Thomas a Becket. 3) The narrator claims he meets some twenty nine pilgrims. 4) The Knight has fought in Alexandria, Prussia, Lithuania, Granada, North Africa, and Anatolia. 5) If the Knight beats his opponents in the tournament ring, he killsRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Canterbury Tales2379 Words   |  10 PagesChaucers Canterbury Tales After reading explications of Chaucers Canterbury Tales, a student is likely to come away with the impression that the Franklin is the critics favorite punching bag. To the average reader in the modern English-speaking world, the Franklin comes across as surprisingly fair-minded and level-headed, noteworthy as the man kind and inventive enough to resolve the marriage cycle with a tale of decency and openness. The critics, however, often depict the Franklin as a manRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesor unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship. The device was often used by the metaphysical poets, who fashioned conceits that were witty, complex, intellectual, and often startling, e.g., John Donnes comparison of two souls with two bullets in â€Å"The Dissolution.† 17. conflict: a struggle between two opposing forces in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. 18. connotation: all the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse; what

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Parts of Term Paper

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Political Origins of Health Inequity †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Political Origins of Health Inequity. Answer: Introduction: The world is changing and so is global environment for different kinds of businesses. There are many global factors that are impacting the health care settings all around the world (Ginter, Duncan Swayne, 2018). It has a severe impact on then operations of the health care setting. Health care units have to make sure that they have a plan for facing these challenges. Many of the companies in the health industry had been hard hit by these environmental factors. It is crucial that a company understand the impact of each factor on the operations of the company as well as on their performance. It is crucial for the company to understand their position in the global market and ways in which its adverse effect can be eliminated. There are various examples where the impact of environmental factors on the operations of the firm can be clearly noticed. In the larger context it can understood that there are various issues present in the health industry along with the several kinds of opportuni ties. It is important for the firms to make sure that they tackle these issues and grab opportunities available with them. External factors affecting the health industry Political environment all around the world has changed. These changes had large effects on the operations of the firm. Even when the governments are trying very hard for making the health condition of their country better they are failing to do so. In most part of the world accept few of the developed nation government are trying to privatise the health care units (Ottersen, Dasgupta, Blouin, Buss, Chongsuvivatwong, Frenk ... Leaning, 2014). The laws regarding the medical practices have tightened. This has forced the companies to make changes in their operations as per the demand of the market. It can be easily seen in the case of NHS which is till now providing free services while the government is planning to take charges for the medical facilities. U.S.A government released the Obama care insurance policy which was for larger part of the USA population. In India government is launching ayush care scheme that provides insurance to around 500 million people. This has provided oppor tunities to the private organisations as this will encourage people to go for the medical facilities offered by the private organisation as certainly they are better. In many parts of the world governments have been ignorant towards developing the health care facilities as per the requirement. Social democratic nations like Austria, Denmark, Sweden etc. they have invested larger part of their tax collection in public health services. This is also due to the fact that they have more social equality in their countries and their financial social inclusion policies have been pro-people. On the other side Christian democratic nations like Netherland, Germany, France, Italy has a population which is more heterogeneous class base and hence they have been reluctant in their high investments towards health care facilities (Muntaner, Borrell, Ng, Chung, Espelt, Rodriguez?Sanz ... OCampo, 2011). Whereas the liberal nations like UK, USA, Canada etc. are been driven by the capitalists and hence they have made lower investments on public health care facilities. Governments in many of the capitalist nations are providing medical Visa in the country so as to promote the health industry. Other than this it can be noticed that economies all around the world are shivering. There is a slowdown in the American economy while there is a constant slow decline in the European economy. This has forced the government to reduce their spending on the medical facilities (Ifanti, Argyriou, Kalofonou Kalofonos, 2013). Governments are reducing its share in the public health and giving the private partners to operate this. This has increased the cost of health facilities. Even the communist countries like Russia and China have adopted this kind of strategy. This has also helped medical insurance companies to sell their product on the larger scale. Recession in many parts of the world after the economic breakdown of 2009 has caused many kinds of job cuts. This is dangerous for the companies and the stakeholders associated with it as they need to make sure that they offer the best of services of the consumers. This is also loss in terms of talent to the firms. Insurance coverage for t he non-elderly unemployed workers is very low as the governments do not have financial strength to facilitate them with such facilities (Andersen, Rice Kominski, 2011). In many cases it can also be seen that even after the support provided by the World health organisation and UNO the condition of public health in the poor countries is extremely poor. This is due to the fact that the health companies are not interested in investing in any such country where the profit margins are not high. It is also to be taken care of the fact that for regenerating the public health establishments at these places very large amount of money is required. Technology has changed a lot in the health care industry. There are lot of innovations that are going on in the technology especially in terms of automation (Lorenzi Riley, 2013). Health care setting have to invest a lot in adopting these technologies. This has made the medical facilities all around the world more expensive. Artificial intelligence is the future off the intense medical facilities and hence it is the issue for the health organisations to incorporate it as the cost of affording this technology is very high. The worlds of health care facilities are moving towards the big data. This is due to the fact that there is large number of data that gets generated on the daily basis in healthy industry. It has become a challenge for the company to make sure that the data they have is stored in a more secured manner. Any leak to the information regarding the patients can be against the respect he has in the society. In order to check this ethical concern company needs to make sur e that they have an effective strategy for protecting such data (Buntin, Burke, Hoaglin Blumenthal, 2011). The challenge of safeguarding, utilising and accessing the big data at the required time is getting larger. Mobile apps and telehealth services have a very wide future in the modern day health industry and hence companies need to give proper care towards making it more patient friendly. Number of diseases in the society is increasing and so is the need of providing better medical facilities. The demand of the medical facilities is increasing at such a faster rate that government agencies are unable to provide them with proper care as per there requirement (Eriksson, 2011). This has also given chance to the health care units to expand their business even when their facilities are costly because people are ready to give everything for their health. One other dimension of the social environment effect on the health industry can be understood by the fact that there is a large disparity between the health facilities in one part of the world and others. The developed nations like America and UK have an excellent medical infrastructure while the poor nations like the countries of Africa is not even having the basic facilities for their population. Due to such disparity two things are happening; first the people in the lack of better medical care are dying or are facing hea vy challenges in leading their life. Second is that the people are migrating towards the countries having better facilities for their medical treatments. This is making the cash to flow towards the developed health care industries and the condition of the already weak medical care still remains the same. In the case of India it is seen that people from the European countries are coming to this country for their treatments due to cheaper medical facilities than theirs. While on the other side of the story the people of countries like Pakistan are moving towards the other nations for any kind of major operations. This is an issue for the local health industry and must be tackled with proper attention. In some parts of the world like the south East Asian countries the cost of the medicines are higher. Even the generic medicines are not available at lower rates. Conclusion On the concluding remark it can be said that various kinds of external factors such as politics, economics, technology and society have a higher impact on the health industry. This is a challenge for the health industry to reduce the negative impact that is posed by these factors. World is getting older and hence a better medical system is required throughout the world. This calls for the need to have high investments on the research for making health facilities cheaper. The negligence of the public health care facilities has provided a great opportunity for the private firms to have control over the market. The economic breakdowns have forced the governments to restrict from doing expenses on health industry. It is also advisable that companies in the health industry understands the changing health needs of the people and get ready for the challenges they have to face in the future. A more collaborative platform is required for making the health facilities even in all parts of the w orld since the disparities have increased the number of people going for health tourism. References Andersen, R. M., Rice, T. H., Kominski, G. F. (2011). Changing the US health care system: Key issues in health services policy and management. John Wiley Sons. Buntin, M. B., Burke, M. F., Hoaglin, M. C., Blumenthal, D. (2011). The benefits of health information technology: a review of the recent literature shows predominantly positive results. Health affairs, 30(3), 464-471. Eriksson, M. (2011). Social capital and healthimplications for health promotion. Global Health Action, 4(1), 5611. Ginter, P. M., Duncan, J., Swayne, L. E. (2018). The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations. John Wiley Sons. Ifanti, A. A., Argyriou, A. A., Kalofonou, F. H., Kalofonos, H. P. (2013). Financial crisis and austerity measures in Greece: their impact on health promotion policies and public health care. Health policy, 113(1), 8-12. Lorenzi, N. M., Riley, R. T. (2013). Organizational aspects of health informatics: managing technological change. Springer Science Business Media. Muntaner, C., Borrell, C., Ng, E., Chung, H., Espelt, A., Rodriguez?Sanz, M., ... OCampo, P. (2011). Politics, welfare regimes, and population health: controversies and evidence. Sociology of health illness, 33(6), 946-964. Ottersen, O. P., Dasgupta, J., Blouin, C., Buss, P., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Frenk, J., ... Leaning, J. (2014). The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change. The Lancet, 383(9917), 630-667.

The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat Essay Example For Students

The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat Essay Gladiatorial contests (munera gladitoria), hold a central place in our perception of Roman behavior. They were also a big influence on how Romans themselves ordered their lives.Attending the games was one of the practices that went with being a Roman. The Etruscans who introduced this type of contest in the sixth century BC, are credited with its development but its the Romans who made it famous. A surviving feature of the Roman games was when a gladiator fell he was hauled out of the arena by a slave dressed as the Etruscan death-demon Charun. The slave would carry a hammer which was the demons attribute. Moreover, the Latin term for a trainer-manager of gladiators (lanista), was believed to be an Etruscan word. (4:50) Gladiators of Ancient Rome lived their lives to the absolute fullest. We will write a custom essay on The Rise of Gladiatorial Combat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Gladiatorial duels had originated from funeral games given in order to satisfy the dead mans need for blood, and for centuries their principle occasions were funerals. The first gladiatorial combats therefore, took place at the graves of those being honored, but once they became public spectacles they moved into amphitheaters. (2:83) As for the gladiators themselves, an aura of religious sacrifice continued to hang about their combats. Obviously most spectators just enjoyed the massacre without any remorseful reflections. Even ancient writers felt no pity, they were aware that gladiators had originated from these holocausts in honor of the dead. What was offered to appease the dead was counted as a funeral rite. It is called munus (a service) from being a service due. The ancients thought that by this sort of spectacle they rendered a service to the dead, after they had made it a more cultured form of cruelty. The belief was that the souls of the dead are appeased with human blood, t hey use to sacrifice captives or slaves of poor quality at funerals. Afterwards it seemed good to obscure their impiety by making it a pleasure. (6:170) So after the acquired person had been trained to fight as best they can, their training was to learn to be killed! For such reasons gladiators were sometimes known as bustuarii or funeral men. Throughout many centuries of Roman history, these commemorations of the dead were still among the principle occasions for such combats. Men writing their wills often made provisions for gladiatorial duels in connection with their funerals. Early in the first century AD, the people of Pollentia forcibly prevented the burial of an official, until his heirs had been compelled to provide money for a gladiators show. (1:174)It was in Campania and Lucania that the gladiatorial games came to their full development and took on their classical form. In these new surroundings they took root and flourished, as can be seen in fourth century BC, tomb paint ings. These pictures show helmeted gladiators carrying shields and lances, covered with wounds and dripping with blood. (2:84) For Rome a decisive moment in gladiatorial history was reached in 246 BC, the year when the first Punic War began. At the funeral of Brutus Pera, his two sons for the first time exhibited, in the cattle market, three simultaneous gladiatorial combats. By 216 BC the number of fights given on a single occasion had risen to twenty two.(14:16)In 105 BC the two consuls of the year made gladiatorial games official. There were no doubts of religious tendency, but the purpose of Roman spectacles, were a public display of power, that power was primarily military, and also to compensate the soft Greek culture which now was abroad. (8:98) The GladiatorsThose compelled to fight gladiator duels included prisoners of war, slaves and condemned criminals. Among them were numerous followers of the new Christian faith. During this time persecution fell heavily on their faith, many won immortal fame as martyrs. Fighting in the arena was one of the sentences earned by the sacrilege accused against members of the Christian religion because of their refusal to sacrifice to the emperor. It was written that these Christians were forced, as gladiatorial novices to run the gauntlet. At other times they were thrown to the wild beasts. Criminals that were used had committed crimes that carried a death sentence or harsh manual labor. The crimes which led to the arena were murder, treason, robbery and arson. Criminals sentenced to forced labor were often obliged to serve as gladiators, and were sentenced to three years of combat and two years in the schools. Sometimes penalties were differentiated according to social class, thus for certain crimes which in the case of slaves would involve execution, free men or freedmen (ex-slaves) were condemned to fight in the arena instead. This did not of course make them gladiators, unless they were trained first, as those req uired to provide this sort of sport not always were. And indeed as gladiators became more expensive in the second century AD the use of untrained criminals in the amphitheater increased.(7:537) Most gladiators, at Rome and elsewhere were slaves, but in addition there were always some free men who became gladiators because they wanted to. The profession was an alternative to being a social outcast. They were generally derived from the lowest ranking category of free persons, namely the freedman who had themselves been slaves or were the son of slaves. Free fighters were more sought after than slaves, presumably because they shower greater enthusiasm in the arena. Such a volunteer was offered a bonus if he survived the term of his contract, yet he still had to swear the terrible oath of submission to be burnt with fire, shackled with chains, whipped with rods and killed with steel like the rest of the gladiators. For the period of his engagement, he had become no more than a slave. (7 :539)Majestic Exhibitions and SchoolsThere seemed no end to public entertainments of one sort or another at Rome. First there were the regular functions. The number of days in each year given up to annual games and spectacles of one sort or another in the city was startlingly large, and increased continually. Already 66 in the time of Augustus, it had risen to 135 under Marcus Aurelius, and 175 or more in the fourth century. Gladiatorial amusement had become an essential feature of the services a ruler had to provide, in order to maintain his popularity and his job. Emperors themselves had to attend the shows. Emperors watching the shows were distinct, vulnerable, and subject to public pressures which could not be displayed elsewhere. That was why the games were not popular with a few rulers such as Marcus Aurelius. He directed that if a gladiator was freed as a result of popular outcry in the amphitheater the liberation was to be annulled. Aurelius found the sport boring and indeed he was unenthusiastic about Roman entertainment in general. (10:87)The teaching of gladiators was highly elaborate affair involving expertise appreciated by those members of the public who attended the games for something more than blood and thrills. Gladiators were trained at gladiator schools established during the late Republic at the time of Sulla 138-78 BC. (2:86) Novices practiced with wooden swords on a man of straw or a wooden post. The weapons used in more adept practice were heavier than those used in the arena. Discipline was severe, with ruthless punishments. The barracks they lived in were so low inmates could only sit or lie.(3:68) Breaking any rules was not tolerated and resulted in strict reprimanding: shackles, flogging or even death. (2:86) The main objective of the schools were to produce the best possible fighters for the arena, thus scrupulous attention was invested in gladiator health. Their schools were situated in favorable climates, and equipped with first class doctors. The schools were also provided with resident medical consultants to check the mens diet. Gladiators were called hordearii, barley men, because of the amount of barley that they ate, a muscle building food. (12:111)The Types of Gladiators From Republican times onward, foreign prisoners were made to fight with their own weapons and in their own styles. Many of these men, were merely prisoners herded into the arena, but various classes of professional gladiators likewise came from this category. Such, for example was the origin of the gladiators known as the Samnites. Generally regarded as the prototypes of all Romes gladiators, they are said to have come into existence after its Samnite enemies introduced a splendid new type of military equipment in 310 BC. Gladiators were ranked in different categories according to their fighting style and the type of weapon they used. These Samnites wore the heavy, magnificent armor of soldiers. It included a large shield (scutum), a leather or partly metal greave (ocrea) on the left leg, and a visored helmet (galea) with huge crests and plumes. To these were added sword (gladius) or lance (hasta), and the sleeve on the right arm which was part of a gladiators general equipment.(11:121) Sectores were armed with a sword and mace loaded with lead. Thraces carried a curved scimitar of varying shape, and a small square or round shield. Myrmilliones (Guals) carried a shield and a short scythe and wore a distinctive fish ornament on their helmets. The Retiarii were exceptionally uncovered, except sometimes for a head band. They carried a trident in one hand and a net in the other. Because the throwing of a net as a method of combat, was second rate the Retarii were inferior in status to the ranks, and thus had the worst living quarters. (2:86) The Myrmillo could fight against the Thracian or against the Retiarius or net fighter. But the principle opponent of the Retiarius was the Secutor.(12:109)The Procedure of the A renaGladiatorial shows were intensively promoted and advertised to raise public attention. Descriptions of upcoming contests, appeared on walls and on the grave stones beside main roads. The opening ceremonies began the day before the fights. It was then that the supporter of the show donated a splendid feast to the contestants about to appear on the following day. The proceedings of the murderous day began with a chariot drive and parade. Led and presented by the sponsor of the games. The gladiators displayed themselves in uniforms topped by cloaks dyed purple with gold embroidery. Climbing down their chariots, they marched around the arena, followed by slaves carrying their arms and armor. Gladiators, especially those who belonged to the emperors own troop, were often finely equipped. When the combatants arrived opposite the emperors platform, they extended their right hands towards him and cried Hail, emperor, greetings from men about to die! (Ave, imperator, morituri te salutant !) (7:538)The games often opened with a convicted criminal being thrown to a lion. The criminal was given a small sword, and if he could kill the lion his life was spared. Another way in which they opened the games was to tie the criminal to a pillar and lower him into a pit of hungry beasts. After these morbid killings took place, the animal events would take center stage. The most common of these fights would be a lion against bear. To make the beast ready for fighting they would starved the animals and poked them with sticks while in the cage.(5:17) These events were followed by a break, during this break Gladiatores Meridiane took place. This event consisted of a fully armed gladiator against an unarmed man. The object was simple, to kill your opponent, the winner went on to fight the next combatant. The overall winner was the person that was standing in the end.(2:88) The afternoon brought about the beginning of the gladiatorial events. Staged with a dramatic sense of climax, t he afternoon started with second rate displays that were bloodless. These mock fighters were called paegniarii.(1:176) After these mock battles came the real fights, the tamest of these would be the hand to hand combats with one opponent. However, most of the contests were worst, ranging from armed fighters against unarmed, two criminals versus a gladiator, and even a group of gladiators versus another group. .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .postImageUrl , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:visited , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:active { border:0!important; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:active , .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165 .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3b788fed9c9beb67b09950e3b000165:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Glass Ceiling EssayWhile the fighters were at grips, their trainers (lanista) stood beside them and hounded them on much like a modern boxers trainer would. Meanwhile the crowd shouted commands of their own including beat, kill and burn. When a man fell, the herald raised their trumpets, and spectators yelled Got him! Hes had it! (habet, hoc habet). The fallen fighter if he was in a state to move, laid down his shield, and raised one finger of his left hand for mercy. The decision whether his life should be spared, rested with the provider of the games, but he generally let the crowd make the decision. Thumbs up, and a waving of handkerchiefs, meant his life would be spare d, thumbs down and he would be killed without hesitation. While African boys raked over the bloodstained sand, fallen gladiators were taken away. A Charon would verify the gladiators death and finish him off it was necessary. The costumes of the Charon were designed to look like Mercury, divine guide of dead mens souls to the infernal regions.(10:167)If a fighters performance had not given satisfaction, or if he was a criminal whose survival was not desired, his life was sometimes risked again on the same day by orders for a repeat performance, against specially introduced understudies. When neither party won and both were spared, each was described as stans missus, and such a result was often recorded on inscriptions. The victorious gladiators were presented with palm branches as a prize, and in Greek lands of the Empire they were given a wreath or crown in addition or instead. Both palms and crowns are often shown on funeral monuments. The giver of the games also provided prize mo ney, according to scales stipulated in the gladiators contracts. (10:169)The Arenas In early times gladiators duels took place in whatever public places a town might posses. But then , under the emperors, the characteristic place for such a contest was the amphitheater. This was an oval auditorium surrounded by rows of seats facing on to the arena, as in modern bull rings, absorbing the blood of slaughtered men and beasts. The first permanent amphitheater known to us is not in Rome but in Campania, the country which inherited the gladiatorial games from Eturia and passed them on to the Romans. (13:225) The largest and most famous of all such buildings was initiated by the Flavian dynasty. Opened by Titus in AD 80, this Colosseum is one of the most marvelous buildings in the world. Its massive overall measurements are 187 by 155 meters, of which the space for the arena itself comprises 86 by 54 meters. There was accommodation for perhaps 45,000 sitting spectators and at least 5,000 m ore willing to stand. Underneath the arena is a labyrinth of passages for stage effects, pens for wild beasts, storage rooms and the mechanism by which scenery and other apparatus were hoisted into the arena. The emperors platform was at the center of one of the long sides, facing across to the portion of the auditorium reserved for magistrates and the holder of the games. There were also places for priests, who also attended these bloodthirsty sports. (13:227) The formula of the collosseum helped to mold renaissance styles. In the eight century they said that:As long as it stands,Rome will stand;when it falls, Rome will fall;when Rome falls, the world will fallThe colosseum has often been raided, but has never fallen. It has been made to serve many purposes, many of which are ironic. These have included sacred occasions, church services, and plays. Thus through all the depredation the colosseum has faced over the years inside and outside of the arena, this indestructible building s till towers over the city today. (13:230)The Gladiator in SocietyThe reputation of gladiators in the eyes of the public was curiously mixed. For one thing they were feared. Society was never able to forget for very long that the gladiators were a potential danger to society. So, of course were the masses of slaves in general, and that is why their crimes were so savagely punished, if one slaved murdered his master, the whole household had to die. But by training the gladiators they spared the rest of the slaves family, and forced him to fight for his life in front of the community he violated. Moreover their legal and moral position in the community was one of complete shame. When a gladiator was killed, his corpse was not permitted honorable to be buried, unless it was claimed by his family or a friend. (9:91)However there is ample proof of the admiration and indeed excitement that the gladiators aroused. Gladiators became so ingrained in the Roman mind and soul that they believed in superstitions that resulted from munera. It was believed that the warm blood of a slaughtered gladiator would cure epilepsy. When newly married women, parted their hair with a gladiators spear, it brought good luck if this had belonged to a man mortally wounded in the arena. (8:276) Gladiators were also seen highly upon by women, graffiti at the Pompeii amphitheater reveal that members of the profession were loved with the passionate infatuation which teenage females have for pop singers today.Although gladiators lived relatively short lives it was possible to win liberation and retire on receipt of the symbolical wooden sword (rudis). It was also noted that some ex-gladiators moved upwards into respectable smart circles of local bourgeoisies (9:96)Opposition and Abolition It was probably assumed that the munera would go on forever, and that nothing would stop their growth. With the rise of Christianity a religious presence lingered about such contests once again. The Roman rulin g classes began to view these contest with a favorable eye. The excuse of encouragement to warlike toughness continued to be put forward until the eve of the Middle Ages, although it started to become lame and inhumane. Another purpose present in the minds of Romes rulers was the desire that potentially unruly and dangerous city population should be amused and kept quiet. They should be given entertainment that they wanted, no matter how disgusting if might be. .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .postImageUrl , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:visited , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:active { border:0!important; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:active , .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49 .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe7de07517029ab2a063cc7f0f28bf49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business ethics EssayThe games gradually lost its original intentions and connections to the earlier funeral games. Once defenseless human beings are thrown to wild animals, the original purpose is lost, the purpose now is blood-thirsty spectators viewing inhumane, unjust executions. (2:87) The new religion however ended them for good. With the rise of emperor Constantine and Christianity came the fall of the gladiatorial spectacles. In AD 326, Constantine abolished gladiators games altogether. He also stated that all criminals who would have in the past have been enrolled for thegames must in the future be condemned to forced labor in the mines instead. By the end of the fourth century, gladiatorial shows had disappeared from the Eastern Empire. (2:87)Bibliography1. Cowell, F. Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. London: B.T Batsford Ltd., 1961. 2. Dining, M. A History of Physical Education: Ancient Rome. Toronto: Captus Press, 1987. 3. Grant, M. The World of Rome. London: Trinity Press, 1960. 4. Hopkins, K Murderous Games. History Today v33 16-22 1983. 5. Harris, H. Sport in Greece and Rome. New York: Cornell University Press, 1972. 6. Hopkins, K. Death and Renewal. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 7. Jory, E Gladiators in the Theatre. Classical Quarterly v36 537-9 1986. 8. Koestler, A. The Gladiators. New York: Macmillan, 1947. 9. Scullard, H. Festival and Ceremonies of the Roman Empire. New York: Cornell University Press. 198110. Whyte-Mellville, G. A Tale of Rome and Judea The Gladiators. New York: Longmans Green, 1989. 11. Mattingly, H. Roman Imperial Civilization. London: Edward Arnold publication. 195912. Weirdmann, T. Emperors and Gladiators. London: Routledge Press, 199213. Yonah, M Illustrated Enclylopedia of the Classical World. New York: Harper and Roe Pub, 1975. 14. Wilkonson, L. The Roman Experience, Anchor Press, 1975. 15. Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, Softkey Multimedia, 1996.

Censorship and Banned Books in Schools

Censorship and Banned Books in Schools While reading Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in school, teachers often spend full class periods discussing a very important issue: Mark Twains use of the n word throughout the book. Its important to not only explain that the book must be looked at through the context of the time period but also what Twain was trying to do with his story. He was trying to reveal the plight of the slave and he was doing so with the vernacular of the time. Students may make wisecracks, but its important to address their humor with information. Students need to understand the words meaning and Twains reasons for using it. These conversations are difficult to have because they are controversial and many people are very uncomfortable with the n word- for good reason. Due to its origins in slavery and racism, it is often the topic of disgruntled phone calls from parents. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the 4th most banned book  in schools according to Banned in the U.S.A. by Herbert N. Foerstal. In 1998 three new attacks arose to challenge its inclusion in education. Reasons for Banned Books Is censorship in schools good? Is it necessary to ban books? Each person answers these questions differently. This is the core of the problem for educators. Books can be found offensive for many reasons. Here are just some reasons taken from Rethinking Schools Online: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou. Reason: Rape scene, anti-white.Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck. Reason: Profanity.Go Ask Alice by Anonymous. Reason: Drug use, sexual situations, profanity.A Day No Pigs Would Die by Robert Newton Peck. Reason: Depiction of pigs mating and being slaughtered. More recent books that were challenged according to the American Library Association include the Twilight saga due to its religious viewpoint and violence and The Hunger Games because it was unsuited to the age group, sexually explicit and too violent. Many ways exist to ban books. Our county has a group which reads the questionable book and determines whether its educational value exceeds the weight of the objections against it. However, schools can ban books without this lengthy procedure. They just choose not to order the books in the first place. This is the situation in Hillsborough County, Florida. As reported in the St. Petersburg Times, one elementary school will not stock two of the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling because of the witchcraft themes. As the Principal explained it, the school knew they would get complaints about the books so they did not buy them. Many people, including the American Library Association, has spoken out against this. There is an article by Judy Blume on the website for the National Coalition Against Censorship to be very interesting. Its title: Is Harry Potter Evil? The question that faces us in the future is when do we stop? Do we remove mythology and Arthurian legends because of its references to magic? Do we strip the shelves of medieval literature because it presupposes the existence of saints? Do we remove Macbeth because of the murders and witches? Most would say there is a point where we must stop. But who gets to pick the point? Proactive Measures an Educator Can Take Education is not something to be feared. There are enough hurdles in teaching with which we must deal. So how can we stop the above situation from occurring in our classrooms? Here are just a few suggestions: Choose the books you use wisely. Make sure that they fit nicely into your curriculum. You should have evidence which you can present that the books you are using are necessary for the student.If you are using a book that you know has caused concerns in the past, try to come up with alternative novels that students can read.Make yourself available to answer questions about the books you have chosen. In the very beginning of the school year, introduce yourself to parents at  an open house  and tell them to call you if they have any concerns. If a parent calls you there will probably be less of a problem then if they call administration.Discuss the controversial issues in the book with the students. Explain to them the reasons those parts were necessary for the authors work.Have an outside speaker come to class to discuss concerns. For example, if you are reading  Huckleberry Finn, get a Civil Rights Activist to give a presentation to students about racism. Final Word Ray Bradbury  describes a situation in the  coda to  Fahrenheit 451. It is about a future where all books are burned because the people have decided that knowledge brings pain. It is far better to be ignorant than knowledgeable. Bradburys coda discusses the censorship that hes faced. He had a play that he sent to a university to be produced. They sent it back because it had no women in it. This is the height of irony. Nothing was said about the content of the play or the fact that there was a reason it featured only men. They did not want to offend a certain group at the school: women. Is there is  a place for censorship  and banning of books? Its hard to say that children should read certain books in certain grades, but education is not to be feared.

Effective Tips For Writing Law Essays

Effective Tips For Writing Law Essays Law Essay: Pointers for a Captivating Essay Even as a law student, you are bound to write an essay at some point in your coursework. You will come to realize that the complexity of writing this type of essay keeps changing as the topics are modified and updated regularly. To ensure your essay is first-class, you should be updated with the latest content on the law as it comes by, and have been of good quality in research. This will give you an advantage of crafting a top-class essay that your reader can relate with. Below are the ways you can apply to ensure you come up with a law essay that is competent and lucid: Picking the Topic to Discuss To many students, this seems to be an easy thing to do. However, t you should know that it is a crucial part of the law essay you intend to write. Below are dependable themes that you should know in order to pick a good topic: Read the assignment more than once Many students take this as a light issue. You would be surprised by a large number of students who drop their grades in law essay writing because of avoiding reading and understanding the given promptly. If the topic provided has an assigned topic, then the logic is centrally based. The student will research ideas that are only related to the topic and determine how to approach it, either by broadening the topic or narrowing it down to a specific point of view. The construction of your essay will majorly depend on the topic; the length of paper signed (this will determine the fitting of your essay outline), and the academic level you are addressing. However, if the topic is not provided, you are required to either choose for yourself the subject you feel interested in or alternatively consult your professor.   Topics you personally choose will have the potential to award you better grades; simply because of the motivation behind the writing will be more informative and inspiring. Go Through the Class Notes The class notes will provide some in-depth information that you require in your research. It is advisable to choose a topic that was discussed briefly in class, which will help you craft a profound law essay piece. This will guarantee you excellent future grades in your work. Always Brainstorm Your Topic After reading through your class work, find more inspiration in articles, and any other material you have collected while you initially conducted research on the topic. At this stage, you should highly consider the length of the paper you have been awarded and the arrangement of each piece of information to form a draft outline structure. There are many ways of brainstorming your work. You can either contemplate quietly or mind maps. Choose the one that you can easily work with. This will help you in creating a list of questions that should be answered, and the arguments to be addressed. You will be ready to write a good essay when you realize that your arguments and ideas relate to the questions and to be answered, and the topic that is being addressed. Be Fluent Addressing Your Interests Writing on the subject matter you have an interest in, or passionate about is the easiest way to come up with a high-quality paper. Reflecting on your passion in law, while crafting your essay is the best way to get inspiration and motivation. Conduct An In-Depth Research By now, you should know that initial research is not enough to come up with sufficient content for your essay topic. There are many ways of crafting an A+ paper and understanding the types of sources required for your paper is a vital part. As you do your research, you will come across different sources, but this does not mean they all relate to your research. Below are some essential tips to help you pick sources that relate to your work, and still comply with the standards for academic writing: Brainstorm on the types of sources you need All sources of information are categorized into primary, secondary and tertiary sources.   Primary sources are basically interviews; questionnaires and any other form of getting first-hand information. Secondary sources entail the full analysis of the information gathered from primary sources. Tertiary sources collectively analyze information gathered from both primary and secondary sources. When it is time to conduct your extensive research, remember to through your assignment again. You might, however, realize that the professor has assigned the type of sources you are to use with your work. Others include the number of resources you are to analyze. It this case, do not deviate and analyze sources that have not been given. When the prompt given lacks information, you can write the basic law essay which is founded on your secondary and tertiary research work. Primary research is mostly associated with multifaceted assignments like thesis and dissertations. Remember to Always Start with Your Tertiary Sources This tip is efficient in helping you avoid time wastage while conducting research on your topic. Since they contain the main points and arguments of both primary and secondary sources, they will give you reliable information that will help you write a top-class law essay. This will give you a chance to quickly go through your written work concerning the subject of discussion, and pick related books, articles or any other source of information relating to your subject of discussion. Tertiary sources are mostly academic guidebooks such as the standard textbooks and encyclopedias. As you use them in your research make sure you read through the footnotes and bibliographies which make a list of reference sources you can use for research. Talk with the Librarian Even though it is easy to get information online, do not underestimate the knowledge and information you can find in your local, or university library. You will be surprised at the amount of information regarding a particularly important subject matter that cannot be found in the World Wide Web. Take advantage of this and visit a library near you. This will also give you a chance to talk to the librarian who will help you locate suitable sources for the information you require. The librarians knowledge might extend to your topic for discussion, and engaging one will help you a lot in the writing of your law essay. Only Use Specialized Search Engines The Google search engine has an incredible amount of useful information, but most are structured to relate more to fun than for academic purposes. However, their Google scholar search engine is the best option when it comes to searching for academic information. For those who live in the United States, HeinOnline.org can also be a resourceful online search engine containing a huge number of credible and acceptable information you can use. While you embark on your research, take the tie to go through information related to your field of study. History and politics are the most common ones. Cautiously Read Through Each Source You Collect Many students commit the same mistake each and every time they are writing an essay. They collect random materials they find in their online research and aimlessly fill their bibliographies with unrelated academic resources. Please do keep in mind that even if the topic of the article or source feels kind of related to your work, it does not mean that the content will relate to your topic. You may underestimate the knowledge of your professor about this, but your grades will tell you later since he might beware. Remember that it is crucial to go through your sources and use the complete citation as per the required style (APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard) to fill your bibliography section. Also remember that some of the quotes you have used come from these sources, so it is important to ensure that you pay attention when it comes to referencing and in-text citation. Only Choose Topics That Fit Your Preference and Make Notes After you select a point that fits your essay topic, make a summary of each point and related argument that you will use in your law essay. There are two ways to do it; either you highlight the crucial parts or create a separate document and copy paste the information. However, this might be an easy way to approach note-taking, but it is not an as effective process. Taking notes manually ensures that you put down points oriented to your topic to help you easily create a comprehensive law essay that is well outlined. Have in mind that copy-pasting is a risky process as you might end up putting the same content into your essay. This is subject to plagiarism and can lower your grade heavily when it is detected. Make sure that you utilize the note-taking process as you will be able to come up with unique ideas that are original and logical. Conduct a Research of Opposing Arguments As a writer, you are required to compose an essay which mostly relates to your point of view. However, your point of reason should not be one-sided, especially in topics that are complex or controversial such as those in law. Take time and conduct thorough research of opposing arguments and use them to prove the validity of your point of reason over them to your target audience. The process of Writing Your Law Essay After you have done enough research and gathered enough evidence to work with, you can now start writing your law essay. Below are some tips that will help you in the construction of your law essay easily.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Begin with a thesis Take a look at the main research question you were deliberating about earlier. If you did complete the full research and analysis of it, you could use it to address your thesis statement. This will include the primary issue you will discuss in your essay. The thesis statement should be the closing statement of your introductory paragraph.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Formulate a Draft Outline You can easily achieve this by going through your previously drafted work on the law essay topic and arrange the vital information available to fit a logical flow of your intended idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Each Paragraph To Address a Single Argument Your introductory paragraph addresses your problem and the thesis statement. For body paragraphs, use them to expound on your point and support them with valid information and arguments to prove your point of view. Additionally, ensure that each paragraph addresses a single point of view. Remember to arrange your body paragraph in order, for your work to make sense when a reader goes through it.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Include the Opposing Arguments As mentioned earlier, your counter-arguments are necessary to give the reader an impression of the validity of your perspective. Use one paragraph to address the opposing arguments to your thesis statement. While you try to prove the counter-arguments wrong, always remember to remain reasonable and logical as you address the issue. Avoid criticizing and prove your point sufficiently.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Write a Well-Organized Conclusion A well-organized conclusion should consist of a restatement of each valid point that you have argued in your body paragraphs. At the start of it, you should also write a restated thesis statement. The idea here is not to paraphrase your points, to restate and prove that it’s right.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Go Through the Paper Again Proofreading is an important aspect of ensuring your essay is first-class and worth the highest grade to be awarded by your professor. You should do this after you have finished writing the final piece of work. It is advisable to do it the following day when you are fresh enough to go through each statement you have put across carefully. Through this, you will identify any mechanical or technical error, from spelling mistakes to punctuation, and even grammatical errors.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Work with the Required Formatting As you proofread your work, it is important to check the outline structure of your work and academic format (this will be specified in the assignment prompt). If none is provided, pick one of your preferred choices and stick to it until you finish your work.

Historical accuracies and inaccuracies of the William Wallace From the Essay

Historical accuracies and inaccuracies of the William Wallace From the movie Braveheart - Essay Example The movie portrays the life of William Wallace. The film premiered in July 1995 and became a spontaneous Box office success. As a film, the developers of the film employed specific film production techniques in order to earn it the reception it acquired soon after its release (Brown, 2007). The film portrayed the Scottish warrior in different perspectives often omitting some fundamental features of his life in an attempt of earning the film an appropriate adaptation. As a brave Scottish warrior, William Wallace led the scots against their first war of independence against the oppressive King Edward the first. The producers set the film in an early Scottish society, it is 1920 and King Edward the first invades Scotland soon after the death of Alexandra the third of Scotland. In the invasion, Wallace witnesses the Longshanks commit atrocities in the inversion. He survives the murder to his mother father and brothers and therefore travels to Rome with the help of his uncle Argyle. After several years, Wallace returns to Scotland as a young man and immediately falls in love with his childhood friend, Murron MacClannough. However, the society is different following the application of King Edward’s selfish legislations (McArthur, 2003). Among the most controversial of the legislations is that granting the English Lord the authority to have sexual relations with all the women in the kingdom on the eve of their wedding night. In oorder to avoid the king sleeping with his fiancee, Wallace and Murron marry in secrecy. Later, Wallace rescues Murron from eminent rape by English soldiers. The soldiers arrest and execute Murron in public. In a revenge attack, Wallace attacks and kills English soldiers. The following is a series of conflicts between Wallace and the English authorities as Edward orders his son Edward the second to use every means possible to stop Wallace. Even in death, Wallace maintains a bold personality and refuses to beg for mercy from the English a uthorities. While facing a public execution, the magistrate pleads with Wallace to beg for mercy from the government and therefore have a quick and painless life. Instead of begging for his life, Wallace shouts freedom to the jubilation of the Scottish people who view him as a hero. As the film ends, a setting in the 1934 Scotland, Robert who is now the king of Scotland leads his army into a fight against the English in the memory of Wallace. The war finds the English unprepared and the scots earn their first freedom from the English rule. The developers of the film employ various film production features including both the setting and the plot in order to earn the story relevance from its contemporary audience. In doing this, the developers either omitted or added specific details to both the characters and the actions. In doing so, the producers foster some accuracies and inaccuracies about Wallace’s life and the society in which he lived. Key among the lacking details in t he film is his background. The producers of the film provide a brief recap of his childhood. The film begins with the English inversion of Scotland with the young Wallace witnessing the murder of his parents and the atrocities the English lord commits. Such are scanty details that do not help build an effective understanding of the legendary Sir William Wallace. However, the scanty details are in line with the information known about his family, Wallace came from a less noble family. Historians do not provide a detailed information about his family. Blind Harry in his poem posits that Wallace’s father was known as Sir Malcom of Elderslie. The discovery of a letter written by Wallace himself and contained his seal provides Wallace’

Compareable between lean and six sigma Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compareable between lean and six sigma - Article Example Thus this paper will identify the weaknesses and strengths of both Six Sigma and lean and the ways in which they compliment each other. Six Sigma and lean are among the two most commonly used continuous improvement tools (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). Lean originated out of the Toyota Production System and its focus is on the elimination of waste in production which begins from the time an order is placed and ends when the order is delivered (Pojasek, 2003, p. 85). Six Sigma was introduced by the Motorola Corporation and is designed to eliminate variations in production and services and their processes so that defects are reduced and customer satisfaction is improved (Desai, 2006). In other words, lean focuses on reducing waste, while Six Sigma focuses on reducing defects. Therefore, it has been suggested that when lean and Six Sigma philosophies are combined an organization may benefit from significant improvements in a short period of time at a significantly reduced cost (Mousa, 2013, p. 1137). This paper will compare and contrast Six Sigma and Lean with a view to demonstrating their compatibility and differences for continuous improvement. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part of this paper presents a review of literature on lean and Six Sigma. The second part of this paper provides a comparison of the two philosophies. The third part of this paper will discuss the implications for practice and the final part of this paper will make suggestions for further studies. Lean is a philosophical approach to managing production and consist of facilitating a system for eliminating or reducing waste and any activity that does not add value for the end customer (Dora, Kumar, Goubergen, Molnar, & Gellynck, 2013). At its core, lean is a continuous improvement technique focused on â€Å"just-in-time (JIT), quality systems and team works† (Wong, Wong, & Ali, 2009, p.

Lead and manage people Essay Example for Free

Lead and manage people Essay I used to work at a fine dinning restaurant, the restaurant manager there was very good. He has very strong knowledge about how to manage people. He never being aggressive or uses any inappropriate language. He never asks someone to do the job that he doesnt know how to do. He shows people how to get the job done efficiently. No matter what kind of issues or problems that staff have, he always is willing to help. He gains respect from people not only about his position but also his knowledge, skill as well as his personality. Also he has a strong knowledge about all the wines and the food that we were serving. He made the perfect matching wine list for the menu that impresses everyone who worked or ate there. People enjoy working with him, as he give his knowledge to everyone, as a model to teach people a better way to do things and improve the way we usually do. His encouragements made our target easier to achieve. We worked like a family, people took care of each others. I used to work at a Thai restaurant, the mission statement was to bring the authentic Thai cuisine to life and let people enjoy. In order to achieve this mission statement, we need to cook as authentic Thai food as possible as well as let the guests to enjoy the cuisine that we bring overseas. I think the statement is effective for the company. Cuisine changes as it moves overseas. People travel overseas and know how the authentic local cuisine is. They cannot find it in Melbourne because cuisine shifts then the flavour changes. Imagine if there is only one restaurant can keep the real authentic taste that would be the selling point. Thats what this business wanted and they succussed. They do actually follow the statement. They hire the chefs from Thai to train and monitor other chefs, follow all the steps to make dishes in Thai way, import all the necessary ingredients only from Thai, keep in touch with the authentic Thai cuisine, and always ask well known Thai chefs to taste the fo od. I will discuss this change in both formal and informal communication ways, such as via email, staff notice board, through meeting, and face to face to talk about this change. The email and the notice board are just the tools that I want staff to know there is a change to be happening in 6 weeks. Let them to discuss themselves first, get themselves well prepare for the change, and also to establish some issues to discuss in the incoming meeting, like new color against the religion, discrimination, etc. The meeting process is to formally hand out the change and receive the feedback from staffs. It may require a bit editing or more work on to suit everyone. Last for the individual problem, I will have to discuss the problem in person and try to get a best outcome. I want to delegate the job of making sauce A to Jahn, as he is the new apprentice of the job. As well as sauce A is the dairy big job for this section. In 2 weeks time, Jahn should be able to make the sauce A without any supervision and within a very short period of time. But meanwhile, I need to guide through him all the information that he needs to make sauce A. Demonstration is necessary. When he is making sauce A, I will have to supervisor the whole process, just to make sure he follows correct procedures ensure he is able to make it by himself. Sauce A is a very complex job for anyone, therefore 2 weeks training is required. After 2weeks time, people should be able to make it without supervision. We can delegate the task but not the responsibility, therefore I still need to check the correct seasoning for sauce A from Jahn’s work, also the actual time he spends on making it. If I am not at work, then other chefs will supervisor his work as well, just to make sure he keeps his work consistence. Coaching is more than just pure training and it involves more of personal relationship over time and in many ways it is like mentoring. It makes better environment for the organisation from management to the workers together to build a better workplace in order to achieve a better result. As a chef de cuisine, I would evaluate each individual’s skill and put them in the right place, such as put someone on web design or programming if he/she is good at doing computer. Then consider the current situation to establish a plan for coaching. Well explain to members about the plan, make sure they  understand and make changes for any better leads. I will also demonstrate the task to members. I need to show members that I can complete the task better not just I can’t do it therefore I have to hand out for you guys. When there is a specific skill require for the cut, I will show them how to do it, and I am willing to help to teach them and develop their individual skill level. Teach them what is the best way to do things right here. To help them to multi-tasking from my past experience.I think I will be using ‘democratic’ and ‘Laissez-Faire’ style to coach people, they are more guider and helper kind of coaching style instead of being boss to ask around. As a learner, people is willing to learn from others especially from the one who is easy to talk to, image if your teacher is very grumpy, would you ask him/her any questions? I will ask open questions rather than close questions. It is also a good way to get the feedback from people according to their answers. The recognition and promotion are my motivation at the moment. As I just started a new chef job at a different restaurant, everything starts from fresh, humbly gaining knowledge from co-workers. I need to fit in the new working environment is the priority. Within a month period, the recognition from headchef or other chef is my motivation, learning new knowledge everyday at the same time improve myself. I can see myself is improving a better understanding of the food that I make, developing the better skill that as a chef should have, etc. Those factors create satisfaction for myself in order to achieve better position to the job as well as lead co-workers feel is good to have me on board. According to Herzberg’s motivation-Hygiene theory, they are leading to satisfaction. My motivation has changed over the past few years. When I first came to this country, I just needed a job to feed myself, therefore my motivation at that time was just money, and I didnt care about the quali ty of work environment or the skill that I could improve. Then I moved to another restaurant, also I had a fair amount of money to start with, so at that time a better working environment, better pay, better standard was my motivation. It is more like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, different stage has vary needs, as well as the motivations. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs can also explain why younger people have different motivational goals than older people. At different age group,  people are tend to have very needs, those needs result different motivational goals. For example, at age 3 you may do what it takes to satisfy your parents in order to get a lollypop. But you wouldnt do the same when you are 20. Because the lollypop wouldnt be your motivational goal at all after you already had hundred of them.Assignment activity 7 Trust-Trust employees, headchef give new staff the opportunity to run the section him/herself. Fully delegate responsibilities to new staff without micromanaging the outcome. They feel being trusted, they will work well in a soften environment. If you always doubt the ability of employee, then they are not happy, how could they work for you. Support- Do not hide the information, give employees the information they need to get the job done. Management should make itself open for the talk regards to the employee manner or dairy issues. As well as welling to help employees to solve the problems that they are facing. Employees feel loved, then they can provide a better outcome to work for you. Facilitation- Provide a happy environment for employees to work with in order to maximize the outcome. No, I dont think so. One of the previous restaurant that I worked, it doesnt have a well communication system. When we say communication, it means two ways, the message from the sender to the receiver, then the feedback from the receiver back to the sender. At that place we have staff notice board and staff communication board. But they are only use to post from the top management only. No staff feedback is needed. It doesnt work as it is only a one way communication tool, it is really hard for management to know if staff understand or award of the new ideas and so on. Within hospitality industry, two ways communication is important, well understand the message and the feedback is essential as they can improve the quality of work or service. Therefore, they should provide the feedback form for staff to fill up, management should really go down and understand what staffs really want. Email out the ideas then get the reply direct from staff may be a good way to start with. The manager at the last place that I used to work, I reckon he uses both paternalistic and democratic management styles. He understands each one of workers within the company and he talks to each one of them like family, therefore everyone calls him ‘brother’. As a ‘brother’, he takes care of each of us and releases the pressure from both workers’ family and work. He listens to people, and talks to people very gently, never use any offensive language. When there are some decisions need to be made, he always listens to all the workers’ need and try to minimize the issues would cause. Those styles were effective for him. He is happy to delegate tasks to colleagues, gaining more power by earning people’s respect. I personal believe he is a good manager as after he took over the place, the revenue was increase and less staff turnover, everyone works together like in a family.

The Woman in Black Review Essay -- Drama

The Woman in Black Review Upon the arrival in London my anticipation was high. My first impression of the Fortune Theatre was; it was a very old Victorian building, very small and slightly ragged. Upon entering it felt very cramped and made you feel claustrophobic. The atmosphere was eerie due to the old style of the building. This was particularly effective as the play was set in the Victorian period. This made you feel as if you were in the past. Also the narrow staircase and small seating area created effect. Before the play starts there is no background music played to set a scene or image in the audiences mind. The play starts without warning and lights go down and we are straight into the story. The play is set in a theatre and the audience see the actors rehearsing a manuscript to an empty crowd. At first the older actor was reading his story as if he was an appalling actor. This technique used was effective and gave some comic relief at the start of the play. He mumbled his words without emotion which was in total contrast to the younger actor. The younger actor was very articulate and pronounced his words properly, both characters spoke with posh accents. By doing this it lulled the audience in to an almost false sense of security. Fans blew into the theatre to make the ambience cold and chilling. Diagram of the Stage The audience were seated in front of the stage. This was so the whole audience would all see the play in the same way. Also this would ensure the woman in black wouldn’t be able to be spotted. The set was open and most things on the stage were shown. There was a clothes rack which was covered, a wicker basket which was closed and some metal buckets. There was a door which was shut but we did not know to where it would lead. However during the play we discovered a whole new dimension to the stage. Behind a gauze there was another part of the stage. If this had been shown some of the creative element would have been lost as we wouldn’t be surprised to see it. Also the fact the only time the audience saw the back of the stage was when the actors themselves were present there. This would link the audience to the actor and heighten the personal bond. Spotlights were used a lot in this production. It persuaded the audience to focus on one area of the stage. It also gave a creepy effect, as you c... ... something bad to happen. After the loud, unexpected sounds there were many long pauses, which added to the sinister atmosphere. In my opinion this was the most effective use of sound. By the end of the play there was still a disturbing ambience as I walked away. I had thoroughly enjoyed the play and was suitably scared. Any more and I may not have been able to sleep. I took away many aspects of acting, which could be useful in the future. The use of silence and torches in the darkness were some of my favourites. The play was enjoyable and funny but also terrorizing. One of the most amusing parts was the dog spider scene. This was hard to act as they were pretending there was a dog but it was done with the utmost ease. It was funny how the older man kicked the dog saying â€Å"it does what I say†. If I was a critic for a magazine my short caption would read; â€Å"The Woman in Black† is a play with a distressing plot, of ghastly ghostly terror. Set in the Victorian times it sends a feeling of emptiness and solitude through you, nevertheless an obvious first choice for taking the young ones to see, to appreciate and learn from the immaculate actors and use of stage crew!